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‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ in general means that no wastes are discharged in the environment. Everything is recycled and no pollutants are let-out into the environment. It is sometimes also referred to as Totally Effluent Free. You are aware that evolution of treated waste water discharge standards is a complex process requiring thorough expertise. Zero Discharge is one such standard / requirement of pollution control authorities. In reality and over a long period, some discharges are bound to take place; unless there is an enormous storage capacity or it can be vaporized. Therefore, we often consider “Zero Discharge” as MYTH !!!

We worked on the word 'Vaporized' from above conclusion. It was also thought that in various technological innovations, by and large the pollutants are targeted for the treatment but here the approach is different and the main emphasis is given to the, “Water Part” of the waste water and not the pollutants. In short treated water was evaporated in a cost effective manner without any thermal treatment, which itself is a unique feature of the ZDS. Only input to the system is electrical energy.

Essential Pre-requisites for ZDS
As discussed and explained, the prerequisites which the client will have to provide are;

What is Vermitechnology process (Bio-compost) ?

Bio-Conversation of organic waste is a natural biological process, carried out under controlled conditions, which converts organic material into a stable humus-like product called Bio-compost. During the composting process, various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, break down organic material into simpler substances. ‘Bio-Composting’ is an aerobic process with the help of special type of verms in the process to maintain oxygen level during aeration process, because the microorganisms require oxygen to do their work.

What can be ‘Bio-Composted’?

‘Bio-Composting’ has the potential to manage all of the organic material in the waste stream which cannot otherwise be recycled. Some examples of organic material that can be composted include food scraps, leaves and yard wastes, agricultural crop residues, paper products, sewage sludge and wood.

Can ‘Bio-composting’ manage all our wastes?

Since approximately 50% of the waste stream is organic matter, ‘Bio-composting’ can play an important role in the integrated waste management plans of any community. However, the remainder of the waste stream (such as items made of plastic, glass, metals, ceramics and rubber) cannot be composted.

What are the benefits of a successful ‘Bio-composting’ program?

In addition to diverting a large proportion of the organic waste stream away from disposal, an effective ‘Bio-composting’ program can produce a high quality soil amendment with a variety of end uses. Diverting organic wastes from landfill sites helps to conserve landfill space and to reduce the production of leach ate and methane gas (both of which add to the cost of operating a landfill).

What steps can be taken to ensure that a facility produces high quality ‘Bio-compost’?

The most important step in producing a high quality ‘Bio-compost’ is to control the quality of the material entering the process. This is most often achieved through source separation. Source-separated organics are those organic wastes which have been separated from potential contaminants prior to collection. Other contaminants can be removed through a pre-processing stage or by screening the final compost. Finally, the composting process itself can determine some characteristics of the final ‘Bio-compost’, such as maturity / physical & chemical characteristics and particle size.
END USES FOR ‘BIO-COMPOST’

Are there markets and end uses for ‘Bio-compost’?

‘Bio-Compost’ can be used in many applications depending on the quality produced and the quality of the product. High quality ‘Bio-compost’ is being used in agriculture, horticulture, landscaping and home gardening. Medium quality ‘Bio-compost’ can be used in applications such as erosion control and roadside landscaping. Even low quality ‘Bio-compost’ can be used as a landfill cover or in land reclamation projects.

Is ‘Bio-Compost’ a Bio-fertilizer?

‘Bio-Compost’ can contain varying amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, the concentrations of these nutrients in compost are usually lower than those found in common fertilizers.
‘Bio-Compost’ is more properly described as a soil amendment or soil conditioner which returns valuable organic material to the soil. In addition, ‘Bio-compost’ does benefit the soil be improving soil structure, aeration and water retention. Very Large Scale “Vermitechnology” offers an ecologically and commercially sustainable alternative to decompose the organic waste in to Bio-Fertilizer and the major advantages are:

Thus the treatment methods for solid waste are used to reduce the mass or volume and to achieve one or more of the following objective :

For Industrial Application :

Benefits
Increase in the nutrient value as By product of such process :
[A] In the process of ‘Bio-composting’ the earthworm release other minerals like Ca, MG, K, N, P, and increase the nutrient value of converted Organic Sludge.
[B] The University of Florida ran an analysis of a soil from an earthworm bed giving the following results. The values are the total amounts present in the converted sludge.
Percentages of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in converted sludge.
Nitrogen (N) 1.74%
Phosphorus (P) 0.67%